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Overview The automatic control for the molten steel level of the mold is one of the key technologies of continuous casting production. It is very important to reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve production efficiency, improve the quality and output of casting billet, reduce overflow and breakout of steel and improve the management level of steelmaking and continuous casting. The molten steel is poured into the mold. In order to prevent overflow, the molten steel level must be kept stable. Otherwise, during the casting process, if the level will fluctuate too much, and slag will be involved, forming surface slag inclusion on the surface of the casting billet, affecting the quality of the billet. The test points out that the relationship between the level fluctuation and the depth of casting billet surface slag inclusion is as follows: The experience has shown that surface slag inclusions can be eliminated when the level fluctuation is within ±10mm. At the same time, if the level fluctuation is more than 10mm, the rate of longitudinal cracks on the casting billet surface is 30%. It means that the level fluctuation directly affects the surface quality of the casting billet. The principle of the system The eddy current type molten steel level gauge is the key to the system. The system operates reliably and has excellent performance: high temperature resistance, strong anti-interference ability, fast dynamic response (lag time 0.10s), high detection accuracy (±05mm), and large measurement range (0-150mm). The selected electromagnetic field frequency ensures that the level detection probe only detects the level change of the mold and does not detect the mold flux or steel slag layer. The system has the advantages of simple operation and no radiation protection problems. The system is insensitive to argon blowing, and its sensors can be mounted on the tundish car or on the platform. The sensor is cooled by compressed air during use. The principle is shown in the figure A high-frequency exciting winding is installed above the molten steel surface of the mold. The high-frequency magnetic field generated by the high-frequency exciting winding induces eddy currents on the molten steel surface to form a magnetic field. The magnetic field generated by the induced eddy current is in the opposite direction to the magnetic field generated by the high-frequency exciting winding, which changes the impedance of the high-frequency exciting winding. Under the condition that the winding material and structure, steel grade, temperature remain unchanged, the coil impedance change only has a single-value function relationship with the height of the molten steel level. As long as the impedance change of the high-frequency winding is detected, the change of the molten steel level in the mold can be converted. The components of the system Continuous casting mold level automatic control system is composed of eddy current tyoe molten steel level gauge, controller and digital actuator for adjusting the opening of tundish stopper. The detection end of the mold level automatic control system is ① eddy current displacement sensor, which uses the eddy current mutual inductance effect between the energized coil and the metal conductor to detect the distance. The effective signal of the eddy current sensor is amplified and linearized by the circuit of ② mold level gauge, which converts the 0-150mm change in the molten steel level of the mold into a standard signal of 4-20mA.DC, and then transmits it to the ③ control computer to complete data processing and system control functions. We can also control the actuator manually and automatically through the ④on-site operation display control panel, and the opening of the stopper is controlled by the ⑤ actuator to realize the automatic control of the molten steel level. 1 Eddy current sensor; 2 mold level gauge; 3 control computer; 4 On-site operation display control panel; 5 digital actuator; The control principle of the system The system can be set to four control modes: automatic, semi-automatic, manual and motor clutch. The automatic mode is the closed-loop control system of the molten steel level, and control the opening of the stopper by the digital actuator; the semi-automatic mode uses opening degree setter and digital actuator to set the opening of the stopper manually; the manual mode is to open and close the button directly to control the opening of the stopper; the motor clutch mode is quickly changed from any of the above control methods to manual stopper operation. The functions of the system also include: display and record of molten steel level, nozzle opening and casting speed; setting of molten steel level and nozzle opening; alarm of molten steel level at limit value etc. In addition to taking the detection of molten steel level as the main feedback signal of the control system, the control system also considers various interference factors that have an impact on the level control. These interference factors include: 1. The influence of the change of the flow characteristics on the control system after the melt loss of the stopper 2. The influence of the weight change of molten steel in the tundish on the control system 3. The influence of the change of the casting speed of the continuous casting machine on the control system 4. The influence of the mold width change (the mold width is adjustable) on the control system 5. The influence of the vibration frequency and amplitude of the mold on the molten steel level gauge The function and software implementation In order to overcome these disturbances, the mold level control strategy adopts PID control. And on the basis of PID control, self-adaptive correction and feedforward control are introduced to form an advanced control system. The level control is the main loop, and there is a proportional gain of the main loop controller. According to the self-adaptive correction of the mold width change and feedforward compensation of casting speed, so as to further reduce and eliminate liquid level fluctuations caused by mold width adjustment and casting speed changes. In order to reduce the frequent action of the stopper, the system adopts the intergarting time change of the controller, and automatically selects a longer intergarting time when the molten steel level fluctuates lightly. And the system will choose a shorter intergrating time when molten steel level fluctuates greatly. Thereby, the fluctuation of the controlled object caused by the frequent action of the stopper rod is suppressed. In the signal processing of molten steel level gauge, an appropriate filtering link is added and the vibration frequency synchronous filter is used for filtering processing, which can overcome the interference of mold vibration frequency and amplitude variation.

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Overview Mold is the casting billet forming equipment in continuous steel casting, and it is also the core equipment and key technology of continuous casting machine. Its function is to forcibly cool the high-temperature molten steel continuously injected into its inner cavity through the water-cooled copper plate to export its heat and to gradually solidify it into a casting billet with the required cross-sectional shape and billet shell thickness. And the casting billet, which is still in liquid state, is continuously pulled out from the lower nozzle of the mold to create conditions for casting billet to be completely solidified in the subsequent secondary cooling area. The main function of the mould oscillation device is to make the mould perform mechanical movement according to the given characteristics of amplitude, frequency and waveform deflection. The purpose is to facilitate demoulding and prevent the occurrence of sticking and breakout accidents due to the bonding of the casting billet with the copper wall of the mold during the solidification process. MOC-K100 mould oscillation online monitoring system can three-dimensionally detect the positive and negative frequencies and waveform characteristics of the mould oscillation. The online changing data is provided in real time, which provides convenient and effective detection methods for on-site inspection personnel. The meaning of the system 1. When the continuous casting machine is not working properly, the billet quality problems (such as unstable oscillation marks, edge cracks, etc.) occur. According to the monitoring results of the system, we can combine with the actual on- site situation to analyze the cause of the failure, and efficiently evaluate and solve the problem of the oscillation table to improve product quality. 2. During the normal operation of the equipment, with the fatigue and wear of the mechanical structure of the mold, the expected oscillation parameters of the mold and the actual oscillation parameters will have a oscillation difference with time change, resulting in the internal process parameters’ changing of the continuous casting machine. Timely and accurate monitoring of changes in these parameters is helpful to schedule maintenance. 3. Transfer equipment maintenance from regular maintenance to state maintenance, do not repair when there is no problem, and arrange maintenance according to production needs when abnormal signs appear. Prevent over-repair and under-repair. 4. According to the monitoring results of the equipment, the on-site working parameters are adjusted in time to avoid adopting inaccurate or large-error oscillation to work and prevent the "breakout" accident. 5. We can timely find out that the oscillation is not stable or out of control in a small range, so as to avoid the formation of unevenness and unstable oscillation marks on the surface of the slab during the solidification of molten steel into the slab, and improve the surface quality of the product. 6. Adjust the working parameters reasonably according to the monitoring results, avoiding the use of excessive safety factor, making the entire assembly line play a normal working efficiency, increasing the output of billets, and create favorable conditions for increasing the casting speed. The functions of the system (1) Overview of monitoring parameters: Provides an overview of real-time monitoring parameters in the full screen, displaying all real-time data including oscillation parameters and process parameters. (2) Time domain waveform: This function mainly displays the oscillation waveforms of multiple measuring points and one channel standard waveform in real time, and simultaneously displays the three elements of oscillation of each measuring point in real time. (3) Waveform superposition: The difference between this function and the time domain waveform is that the waveforms of multiple measuring points are superimposed on a graph with lines of different colors on the same scale, and the oscillation difference of each channel can be calculated and displayed intuitively. (4) FFT: This functional module completes the calculation and display of the oscillation spectrum in real time. It is used to evaluate the waveform distortion of the entire oscillation table and to determine whether there is a problem with the installation of the oscillation device. (5) Bar graph: The oscillation of each measuring point is indicated by a bar graph of peak value and sensor gap voltage, which is more intuitive. (6) Trend: After starting this module, the operator can search the historical records in the database, analyze the changing trend of each parameter, and use it to analyze the rationality of the steel quality and processing parameter settings for different steels under the oscillation conditions. The parameters of the system 1. Number of measurement channels: According to the mold design, up to 16 sensors can be arranged 2. Sensor: three-dimensional oscillation sensing (X, Y, Z three axes) 3. Sensitivity: 1000mV/g 4. Frequency range: 0.04~10HZ 5. Frequency accuracy: ±0.01 Hz 6. Amplitude accuracy: 0.005mm 7. Transmission mode: wired digital transmission, wireless transmission 8. Host: 3U standard rack, handheld device 9. Sensor power supply: 24V.DC 10. Host power supply: 220V.AC/50Hz Mold oscillation curve The structure of the system The main components of the continuous casting mould online oscillation detection system are: 1. Three-dimensional oscillation measurement sensor 2. Handheld oscillation sensor calibrator 3. Dedicated signal connection cable 4. Preamplifier 5. Operation processing unit 6. Graphic display terminal 7. Industrial Ethernet (TCP/IP) or PROFIBUS-DP communication components 8. Control cabinet

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Overview The mold is a device that shapes the cast product in continuous steel casting, and it is also the core equipment and key technology of continuous casting machine. The main function of the mould oscillation deflection detection instrument is to detect the the mould oscillation table’s oscillation frequency, amplitude, deflection rate, phase, oscillation trajectory curve, etc. Through the detection and adjustment of the detection instrument, the mold moves along the outer arc of the continuous casting machine according to the set amplitude, frequency and waveform deflection characteristics. The actual oscillation parameters of the mold oscillation table during the production process and the process parameters of the cast products cannot be effectively known without the data detection of the mold deflection detection instrument, so that the operator cannot adjust the mould’s production process parameters in real time according to the real-time situation of the on-site production. The continuous casting mold deflection detection instrument independently developed by our company is suitable for various molds such as slab, square billet, round billet and shaped billet. The system obtains the process parameters such as actual oscillation holographic parameters and negative slip amount of the oscillation table by effectively detecting the movement of the mold. The technicians can formulate the control strategy of the mould according to these actual parameters, and improve the output and quality of the product within a safe and reliable range. The structure of the instrument Continuous casting mold oscillation and deflection detection instrument is mainly composed of sensor system, sensor signal conditioning circuit, power supply circuit, synchronous data acquisition module, communication cable, and software data analysis system. There are three axial acceleration sensors installed in the mold oscillation and deflection detection instrument, one of which is to detect the vertical oscillation signal (Y axis), and the other two are to detect the horizontal oscillation signal (X and Z axis). The signal obtained by the sensor is processed by the preprocessor and the preprocessing module. The oscillation signal and sensor status signal will be filtered and normalized, sent to the synchronous data collector for digitization and feature extraction, and the data is analyzed and processed by the master computer software to obtain various oscillation parameters and process parameters required by users. The functions of the system 1. Adopting mould oscillation X/Y/Z three-dimensional data acquisition, using high-precision sensor system and high-sensitivity axial accelerometer, comprehensive detection of equipment oscillation state, including: 1) Detect the oscillation frequency of the mold oscillation table 2) Detect the amplitude of the mold oscillation table 3) Detect the deflection rate of oscillation 4) Detect the lateral deflection, longitudinal deflection, phase, and phase difference of the mold oscillation table 5) Three-dimensional display of the oscillation trajectory, and the oscillation table trajectory can be viewed from 6 sides of the oscillation table (X-Y, X-Z, Z-Y) 2. The software system adopts the design of man-machine interactive graphic interface, which can display the mold oscillation state in real time. The software functions include: 1) Real-time data curve display: oscillation waveform, oscillation frequency, signal superposition analysis 2) Single-axis curve display, multi-axis curve display, amplitude, acceleration, three-dimensional graph 3) View historical curve 4) Generate test report 5) Give a warning prompt 6) Spectrum analysis function 7) Long-term storage of data 3. Portable measurement method, which can provide handheld detection equipment with wireless remote transmission, and the operation is simple. 4. Provide an overview of inspection parameters under the full screen, displaying all data including oscillation parameters and process parameters. At the same time, the calculation and display of the oscillation spectrum is completed in real time, which is used to evaluate the frame loss of the waveform , and to determine whether there is a problem with the installation of the oscillation device. 5. Alarm management. Record each alarm data under real-time alarm conditions to analyze the cause of the alarm and evaluate the impact of the alarm on production. 6. Parameter setting. Users can set the ideal oscillation value and normal working range of various steels online. We also can set the alarm limit, and the storage time of the database etc. 7. After charging the device once, it can work continuously for more than four hours. 8. Integrate embedded processing equipment to realize data collection, display, analysis, reporting and other functions. 9. According to the mold characteristics and user requirements, it can be flexibly configured, wich is suitable for all types of molds such as square billets, slabs, round billets and other mold oscillation tables. 10. Support wired and wireless data transmission functions, easy to use. 11. Use the laptop to receive the collected data, can be used for the operation test on site, and can analyze and process the data conveniently. The features of the system 1. The actual oscillation state replaces the ideal oscillation state. The actual oscillation state of the table is used to formulate a control strategy, so that the oscillation table can be used to produce products with more accurate oscillation. 2. Convenient detection method. The equipment can be used for on-site inspection at any time, and the production site can grasp the operating status of the on-site equipment in time, so that we can make production adjustments to the equipment at any time. 3. Efficient working methods and processing platforms. The high-integration equipment developed by embedded technology can work in high temperature and harsh environment. This system can comprehensively detect XYZ three-axis data, and realize real-time data analysis and processing with high-speed data operation and processing platform. 4. Powerful database function. The database adopts the mode of computer automatic management and operator's manual assistance management, and there are tables for recording historical data and alarm data and working parameter setting table of monitoring system inside the database. By adjusting the output range, the best output effect can be obtained.

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Overview： Mold powder is mainly used in the continuous casting and steelmaking process, evenly sprinkled on the molten steel surface in the mold to lubricate, keep warm, prevent oxidation and absorb non-metallic inclusions. Mold powder is an indispensable auxiliary production material in the production process. In the process of evenly distributing the mold powder to the molten steel surface of the mold, the amount of mold powder should be controlled, and the thickness of the mold powder should be within a certain range. If the coverage thickness of the mold flux is too thin, it will cause no heat preservation, oxidation of molten steel, inclusions, cracks, large drawing resistance, steel leakage, etc. At the same time, the coverage thickness of mold flux should not be too thick, they can’t melt in time with too much mold powder, if the molten steel is churning, it is easy to get the mold powder into molten steel at this time, resulting in mold leakage. Therefore, the amount of mold powder must be controlled within a reasonable range. The detection and control of mold flux thickness is very important, especially for the steel plants which are strict with the steelmaking production process. The detection principle： The mold flux detection system developed by Wuhan CenterRise M&C Engineering CO., Ltd. uses the laser triangular sensor fixedly installed above the mold to obtain the height h1 by scanning the upper surface layer of mold flux with high-precision laser triangulation. When the laser measuring head is placed each time, the height h3 of the upper nozzle of the mold will be marked, and the system through the PLC system which is connected to the continuous casting machine through the network to introduce the height h1 of the mold liquid level. Through the calculation of three heights, we can get the thickness of mold powder H = 900-h1-(h3-h2)mm (900mm is the depth of mold). The features： The system adopts a high-precision laser triangulation distance meter, which can measure the thickness of the mold flux with high speed and high precision, and the accuracy can reach 1mm. The equipment is easy to install and use. When we are using, the laser rangefinding sensor can be placed directly above the mold without affecting production. The system can be interlocked with the automatic mold powder feeding system to automatically adjust the amount of mold powder, so as to automatically control the amount of mold powder within a reasonable range and realize intelligent automatic mold powder feeding. Non-contact measurement, the system only needs ventilation protection, simple and stable to use. The parameters： Measurement range：0-50mm Temperature measurement range: -20℃-700℃ Equipment installation distance：750mm System measurement accuracy：1mm Laser measurement accuracy: 0.1mm Frequency: 700-2000Hz Cooling method: air-cooled purging Installation method: rail sliding installation, can be slid out during maintenance Storage period: data can be stored for more than 2 years Communication method: Industrial Ethernet or Profibus-DP

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