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Overview The automatic control for the molten steel level of the mold is one of the key technologies of continuous casting production. It is very important to reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve production efficiency, improve the quality and output of casting billet, reduce overflow and breakout of steel and improve the management level of steelmaking and continuous casting. The molten steel is poured into the mold. In order to prevent overflow, the molten steel level must be kept stable. Otherwise, during the casting process, if the level will fluctuate too much, and slag will be involved, forming surface slag inclusion on the surface of the casting billet, affecting the quality of the billet. The test points out that the relationship between the level fluctuation and the depth of casting billet surface slag inclusion is as follows: The experience has shown that surface slag inclusions can be eliminated when the level fluctuation is within ±10mm. At the same time, if the level fluctuation is more than 10mm, the rate of longitudinal cracks on the casting billet surface is 30%. It means that the level fluctuation directly affects the surface quality of the casting billet. The principle of the system The eddy current type molten steel level gauge is the key to the system. The system operates reliably and has excellent performance: high temperature resistance, strong anti-interference ability, fast dynamic response (lag time 0.10s), high detection accuracy (±05mm), and large measurement range (0-150mm). The selected electromagnetic field frequency ensures that the level detection probe only detects the level change of the mold and does not detect the mold flux or steel slag layer. The system has the advantages of simple operation and no radiation protection problems. The system is insensitive to argon blowing, and its sensors can be mounted on the tundish car or on the platform. The sensor is cooled by compressed air during use. The principle is shown in the figure A high-frequency exciting winding is installed above the molten steel surface of the mold. The high-frequency magnetic field generated by the high-frequency exciting winding induces eddy currents on the molten steel surface to form a magnetic field. The magnetic field generated by the induced eddy current is in the opposite direction to the magnetic field generated by the high-frequency exciting winding, which changes the impedance of the high-frequency exciting winding. Under the condition that the winding material and structure, steel grade, temperature remain unchanged, the coil impedance change only has a single-value function relationship with the height of the molten steel level. As long as the impedance change of the high-frequency winding is detected, the change of the molten steel level in the mold can be converted. The components of the system Continuous casting mold level automatic control system is composed of eddy current tyoe molten steel level gauge, controller and digital actuator for adjusting the opening of tundish stopper. The detection end of the mold level automatic control system is ① eddy current displacement sensor, which uses the eddy current mutual inductance effect between the energized coil and the metal conductor to detect the distance. The effective signal of the eddy current sensor is amplified and linearized by the circuit of ② mold level gauge, which converts the 0-150mm change in the molten steel level of the mold into a standard signal of 4-20mA.DC, and then transmits it to the ③ control computer to complete data processing and system control functions. We can also control the actuator manually and automatically through the ④on-site operation display control panel, and the opening of the stopper is controlled by the ⑤ actuator to realize the automatic control of the molten steel level. 1 Eddy current sensor; 2 mold level gauge; 3 control computer; 4 On-site operation display control panel; 5 digital actuator; The control principle of the system The system can be set to four control modes: automatic, semi-automatic, manual and motor clutch. The automatic mode is the closed-loop control system of the molten steel level, and control the opening of the stopper by the digital actuator; the semi-automatic mode uses opening degree setter and digital actuator to set the opening of the stopper manually; the manual mode is to open and close the button directly to control the opening of the stopper; the motor clutch mode is quickly changed from any of the above control methods to manual stopper operation. The functions of the system also include: display and record of molten steel level, nozzle opening and casting speed; setting of molten steel level and nozzle opening; alarm of molten steel level at limit value etc. In addition to taking the detection of molten steel level as the main feedback signal of the control system, the control system also considers various interference factors that have an impact on the level control. These interference factors include: 1. The influence of the change of the flow characteristics on the control system after the melt loss of the stopper 2. The influence of the weight change of molten steel in the tundish on the control system 3. The influence of the change of the casting speed of the continuous casting machine on the control system 4. The influence of the mold width change (the mold width is adjustable) on the control system 5. The influence of the vibration frequency and amplitude of the mold on the molten steel level gauge The function and software implementation In order to overcome these disturbances, the mold level control strategy adopts PID control. And on the basis of PID control, self-adaptive correction and feedforward control are introduced to form an advanced control system. The level control is the main loop, and there is a proportional gain of the main loop controller. According to the self-adaptive correction of the mold width change and feedforward compensation of casting speed, so as to further reduce and eliminate liquid level fluctuations caused by mold width adjustment and casting speed changes. In order to reduce the frequent action of the stopper, the system adopts the intergarting time change of the controller, and automatically selects a longer intergarting time when the molten steel level fluctuates lightly. And the system will choose a shorter intergrating time when molten steel level fluctuates greatly. Thereby, the fluctuation of the controlled object caused by the frequent action of the stopper rod is suppressed. In the signal processing of molten steel level gauge, an appropriate filtering link is added and the vibration frequency synchronous filter is used for filtering processing, which can overcome the interference of mold vibration frequency and amplitude variation.

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Overview The continuous casting vibration type ladle slag detection device is used to detect the slag content of the ladle nozzle in the steelmaking continuous casting process, so as to improve the cleanliness of the tundish molten steel and obtain the best yield of the ladle molten steel. The device adopts the principle of vibration detection. The LAG-S200 continuous casting ladle slag automatic detection system is developed by Wuhan CenterRise M&C Engineering Co., Ltd. after many years of research with many scientific research institutes, and fully combined with the actual situation on site. It has a real field application value as a continuous casting ladle slag automatic detection system. The meaning of the system 1. Reduce the amount of tundish slag 2. Improve the purity of molten steel 3. Improve the life of the tundish 4. Reduce sliding nozzle erosion 5. Reduce nozzle blockage 6. Increase continuous pouring heats 7. Reduce the amount of residual steel in the ladle when high-quality steel is casting 8. Improve the yield of molten steel 9. Improve the quality of continuous casting billets In order to improve the purity of the molten steel in the tundish, and improve the quality of the casting billet, especially to improve the quality of the billet in the transition section, and reduce the amount of residual steel in the high-quality ladle, and prolong the life of the tundish lining, and increase the continuous casting heats, it’s necessary to detect and control the slag in the later stage of continuous casting ladle casting. The working principle The LAG-S200 continuous casting ladle slag automatic monitoring system detects the slag state during the pouring process by receiving the vibration signal of the mechanical operating arm of the ladle nozzle. In the process of molten steel pouring, when molten steel flows through the long nozzle and pours into the tundish, the molten steel impacts the wall of the long nozzle and causes the vibration of the mechanical operating arm used to support the long nozzle. Since the specific gravity of the steelmaking slag is less than half of the specific gravity of the molten steel, it floats on the surface of the molten steel, and the steelmaking slag appears when the molten steel is about to be all poured. At this time, due to the high viscosity and poor fluidity of light steelmaking slag, the impact force of the mixed flow of molten steel and steel slag on the wall of the long nozzle is quite different from that of pure molten steel. The system mainly monitors the ladle slag of the continuous casting by measuring and analyzing the vibration difference of the mechanical operating arm. The vibration signal is connected to the operation control unit of the system control cabinet through the front-stage conditioning and amplification module through the sensor installed in the middle of the operating rod. After processing, it is output to the industrial computer for operation and analysis. The slag signal detected by the system is output from the system control cabinet to the front-end control unit, and then control the alarm horn and alarm light to work, or issue an instruction to close the ladle nozzle. The features of the system (1) It is easy to install, basically no modification is made to the field equipment, and the installation and debugging work will not affect the normal production of the enterprise. (2) The detection accuracy is high, and the effective rate is greater than or equal to 95%. The threshold of slag volume is accurately set, the output control function is powerful. It has excellent performance in technical indicators such as the sensor service life and sensor usage times. (3) The sensor is installed at a position far away from the molten steel, and is cooled by a special refrigeration device for 24 hours. The outer layer adopts a composite protection structure, which has a long service life. (4) Adopt professional and targeted signal processing methods to obtain the vibration characteristic parameters of the ladle slag, and analyze, reason and judge the effective slag signal through the vibration signal database, which has a high accuracy of slag alarm. (5) The architecture is established based on the artificial intelligence network, which has the functions of self-learning and self-induction. (6) The equipment adopts a modular design. The failure of each module will not affect other parts, which ensure more reliable operation of the system and easy maintenance. (7) The alarm display device is used on site to visually indicate the flow state of molten steel and slag. When slag carryover strats, we can choose automatic mode or manual mode. In both modes, the system will give audible and visual alarm signals to remind on-site operators. (8) The system has a powerful database function. Including the comparison function for last two ladles of casting time record, the system automatically stores the running data, and generates a record file every day. (9) The system has the function of automatically controlling the ladle nozzle. The control unit is an auxiliary system of the system, which is interconnected with the ladle slag detection system to automatically control the opening of the ladle nozzle and realize the whole-process control of the liquid level of the molten steel in the tundish. The composition of the system The LAG-S200 slag detection system consists of: vibration detection sensor, pre-signal amplifier, slag detection operation unit, tundish liquid level control unit, on-site operation indication box, and process control cabinet. 1. Vibration detection sensor: It is installed on the robotic arm of the stopper to detect the vibration signal of the whole casting process of the ladle. 2. Pre-signal amplifier: Amplify, convert and transmit the weak vibration signal detected by the vibration detection sensor. 3. Slag detection operation unit: Analyze, judge and discriminate the vibration signal to realize the discrimination of all steel, mixed slag and full slag , and output the slag alarm signal. 4. Tundish liquid level control unit: Accept the control signal of the tundish nozzle and the ladle nozzle, and realize automatic or manual control to the ladle slag according to the requirements. 5. On-site operation instruction box: Provides man-machine exchange for slag alarm indication, fault indication, system activation mode selection, and control mode selection. 6. Process control cabinet, providing power management, displaying man-machine interface and setting management. The parameters of the system 1. The system controls the slag inclusion in molten steel with high precision and closes the nozzle in real time. 2. Improve the quality of steel, reduce defective products, and improve the yield. 3. The yield of molten steel is increased by 0.3%-0.5%. The nozzle can be automatically closed, so that the disadvantage of untimely manual response is overcome and less molten steel remains in the ladle. The threshold value of molten steel (slag threshold) is set by the user within a wide range. 4. No artificial factors are involved, high reliability, good repeatability or consistency. 5. The steelmaking slag does not pass through or rarely flows into the tundish, which increases the service life of the refractory material and the sliding nozzle. 6. Reduce the blockage of the tundish nozzle and increase the number of continuous pouring heats of the tundish.

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Petroleum Oil & Gas Course In Mainwali Multan, International College Of technical Education Offer Petroleum Oil & Gas Course In Mainwali Multan 03115193625, Professional Petroleum Oil & Gas Course In Mainwali Multan 03354176949, The oil and gas industry has an enormous impact on all aspects of daily life. Individuals, corporations, and national governments make financial and policy decisions based on the cost, use, and availability of these two natural resources. This two-week course looks at the two most fundamental aspects of the oil and gas industry, The second module focuses on the forces that drive the industry's operations, the oil and gas markets, including the cost of wells, seasonal impacts on prices, and the role of oil reserves. After every lesson, learners will take short quizzes to test their newly acquired knowledge, participant in crowd-sourced discussions about global markets, and complete a final project.Outline The course mainly focuses on the engineering processes of the up-stream Oil and Gas industry and it will cover an overview of the following major areas of Geosciences and Petroleum Engineering: Petroleum Geology, Applied Geophysics and Formation Evaluation;Drilling and Completion Engineering; Reservoir Characterization, Simulation and Production Management; Subsea completions and Surface facilities, Hydrocarbon treatment and transportation Syllabus Oil and Gas Operations and Technology In this module, you will learn about the core activities that the Oil and Gas Industry executes to bring natural gas and petroleum products to market. We will look at the exploration and production of oil and gas, the processing and refining of the oil and gas into useable fuels and other valuable commodities, and finally the transport of oil, gas, and petroleum products from wells to refineries to retail outlets.Oil and Gas Industry Markets In this second module, the course shifts to the markets that drive Oil and Gas Industry operations. You will learn about the various costs of the core oil and gas industry activities, the factors that determine the prices that oil, gas and petroleum products sell for, and the effect that the amount of oil and gas remaining in the ground has on the future viability of individual companies to the Industry as a whole.The course will give an initial overview of the history of the oil industry and the origins of petroleum and natural gas reservoirs, followed by a description of the conventional and unconventional reservoir types. All aspects of petroleum engineering from upstream to downstream will be included in this discussion, including transportation, marketing, and environmental impacts. The remainder of the course will present the various key disciplines in petroleum and natural gas engineering in the chronological order of how the disciplines interact. Key problems in each of these disciplines will be reviewed and solved, using Excel and introductory statistics/computer programming (using Matlab). First, the discipline of drilling engineering will be presented. This will focus on the different types of wells, bits, casing designs, and completion techniques. Topics in the discipline of reservoir engineering will be presented next and will include basic petrophysics, reservoir types and fluids, as well as basic extraction methods. The life cycle of a reservoir and its efficient and environmental friendly management will be discussed, including enhanced oil recovery methods, such as carbon dioxide injection and surfactant flooding. Topics in production engineering will be presented next, and will center on tubing design, artificial lift, stimulation using acids and fracturing, and cased-hole logging. Topics in facility engineering, the last discipline to be discussed, will focus on surface facilities such as separators, gas and water gathering systems, pipelines, stock tanks, chokes, and recycle plants. Admission open for boys and girls and queries call 03115193625,03354176949. INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION Pakistan No.1 IT Training, Technical, Management and Safety Officer Institute, For More Information Visit Our Website http://www.icollegete.com/ https://courses.com.pk/ Certification acceptable in Government job and Worldwide UK USA KSA UAE Canada Dubai Muscat Oman Bahrain Kuwait Qatar Saudia Japan China http://www.icollegete.com/course/petroleum-engineering-diploma-course-in-rawalpindi/

ICTE International College of Technical Education. Head Office : Office # 27, Second Floor, Maryam Shadi Hall Plaza (Airies Plaza), Shamsabad, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 46000. Email : info@icollegete.com Contact : 051-8736681, 0311-5193625, 0092-335-4176949 Food safety refers to routines in the preparation, handling and storage of food meant to prevent foodborne illness and injury. From farm to factory to fork, food products may encounter any number of health hazards during their journey through the supply chain. Safe food handling practices and procedures are thus implemented at every stage of the food production life cycle in order to curb these risks and prevent harm to consumers. Objectives: After completing this course, the student will be able to: - recognize and identify basic food science concepts and terminology used by professionals in the nutrition, foods, foodservice and food science fields. - understand the multiple functions of regulatory agencies in the US - understand the sources of foodborne risk. - understand basic principles of HACCP, SQF and ISO and sanitation in general. - understand selected laws and regulations pertaining to food processing. - be able to apply sensory evaluation techniques to the study of food Course Learning Outcomes 1. Explain various types of food contamination and factors that contribute to foodborne illness 2. Identify the characteristics of potentially hazardous foods 3. Describe the dangers of foodborne illness 4. Identify the high risk population 5. Demonstrate the ability to explore and apply proper food handling techniques that will eliminate possible foodborne illness. 6. Demonstrate correct procedures for receiving, preparing, serving and storing food products 7. Identify food handler health problems that are a possible threat to food safety 8. Demonstrate proper personal hygiene procedures with regard to food handling 9. Demonstrate the ability to discuss the importance of food safety training in the workplace. Course Description A study of personal hygiene; sanitary practices in food preparation causes investigation, control of illness caused by food contamination (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points); and work place safety standards. Course Outline A. Introduction a. How to use ServSafe Course book B. Providing Safe Food a. Food borne Illnesses b. Preventing Food borne Illnesses c. Key Practices for ensuring Food Safety C. Micro world a. Pathogens b. Viruses c. Bacteria d. Parasites e. Fungi COURSE CONTENT FOOD SAFETY AND FOOD HYGIENE • Introduction to Food Safety and Food Hygiene – the definitions • What is contamination / microbiological contamination • Introduction to microbial contamination and its effects PERSONAL HYGIENE • Requirements of personal hygiene • Personal hygiene practices • Staff facilities CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND ALLERGEN CONTAMINATION • Definitions of all sources of contamination • Causes of contamination • How to prevent contamination CLEANING AND HOW TO CLEAN EFFECTIVELY • Definition of cleaning • Stages of cleaning • Methods of cleaning and how to check the effectiveness of cleaning

ICTE International College of Technical Education. Head Office : Office # 27, Second Floor, Maryam Shadi Hall Plaza (Airies Plaza), Shamsabad, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 46000. Email : info@icollegete.com Contact : 051-6122937, 0311-5193625, 0092-335-4176949 An airline ticket is a document granted by a carrier or travel agency to a passenger as a confirmation that a person has bought a seat on a flight. It can exist in two forms — paper and electronic (e-ticket). Today, you’ll most likely deal with a digital version, while hard copies are becoming museum artifacts.No matter the form, the air ticket performs several important functions.It seals the deal between a passenger and an airline, establishing rights and responsibilities on both sides. The ticket documents whether and under what conditions a assenger can modify an itinerary, cancel a flight, or receive a refund.It serves as a travel document, ensuring that an airline will provide a seat and services included in the fare for a ticket owner. On the other hand, carriers use a document as a source of information about the passenger and the booking.It manages relationships between multiple airlines involved in one journey (if this is the case). To be more precise, it outlines the responsibilities of the validating carrier which issued the ticket and the operating carrier or carriers which perform the flight.Speaking of flights, conducted by several airlines, only one of them owns a ticket at any given moment. This possession makes the airline responsible for the passenger and updating their status (checked-in, boarded, flown, etc.).IT tickets address a variety of areas, so it’s helpful to categorize them. Categorization allows your IT organization to route tickets to the appropriate staff, streamline workflows, and to track trends.Your IT team categorizes tickets based on your business needs. Some popular types of IT ticket categories include the following. Feature requests: When your IT services lack a feature that can benefit users or grow the business, that feature is collected in a feature request ticket. Feature requests highlight what’s needed and why, and can come from customers or anywhere within the organization.After booking, your PNR (with its TST attached) is sent to a ticketing server which automatically checks the information and issues the e-ticket. The booking is now ticketed, and the seat is officially yours!In most cases, ticketing happens immediately after booking though this isn’t always the case. PNRs can also be queued for ticketing with a pre-defined date and time for the ticket to be issued. In certain situations, like waitlisted bookings, open-return flights or overbooking, the booking and ticket process works a bit differently, but that is for another article! Requirements to issue airline tickets Ticketing’s fundamental role in the airline industry means that it's highly controlled and many airlines tight restrictions on exactly who can issue tickets on their behalf. This is mainly an issue of money.Airlines want a worldwide network of agents and booking sites selling their tickets, but they also want to make sure that this happens in a controlled way and, most importantly, that they get paid. This led to the creation of large accrediting organizations that act as payment mediators between airlines and agents – the airlines get a guarantee of payment from all agents selling their tickets and the agents, in return, can sell tickets for those airlines. This means that sellers need accreditation to issue tickets on behalf of an airline. Worldwide, there are two major organizations offering ticketing accreditation: International Air Transport Association (IATA) IATA is the world’s largest international airline association, with close to 300 member airlines in over 170 countries. Among many other functions, IATA runs the Billing and Settlement Plan (BSP), a payment processing system that collects and distributes payments and commissions among member airlines and agents. In order to issue tickets for any IATA airline, all agents registered outside of the US need to have IATA accreditation. Airlines Reporting Corporation (ARC) The ARC is a similar organization for agents registered in the United States or US territories and boasts over 200 member airlines. The ARC’s main role is to mediate payments between agents and airlines via its own payment processor. All US-registered agents need ARC accreditation to issue tickets for its member airlines.So, does this mean you need IATA or ARC accreditation to start building your booking business? Well, if you want to issue tickets directly, yes. However, in the next section we’ll cover how you can handle ticket issuance without the difficulty and expense of accreditation.