Natural gas energy

3 Reservoir and wellheads There are three main types of conventional wells. The most common is an oil well with associated gas. Natural gas wells are drilled specifically for natural gas, and contain little or no oil. Condensate wells contain natural gas, as well as a liquid condensate. This condensate is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture that is often separated from the natural gas either at the wellhead, or during the processing of the natural gas. Depending on the well type, completion may differ slightly. It is important to remember that natural gas, being lighter than air, will naturally rise to the surface of a well. Consequently, lifting equipment and well treatment are not necessary in many natural gas and condensate wells, while for oil wells, many types of artificial lift may be installed, particularly as the reservoir pressure falls during years of production. There is no distinct transition from conventional to unconventional oil and gas production. Lower porosity (tighter reservoirs) and varying maturity create a range of shale oil and gas, tight gas, heavy oil, etc., that is simply an extension of the conventional domain. 3.1 Crude oil and natural gas 3.1.1 Crude oil Crude oil is a complex mixture consisting of 200 or more different organic compounds, mostly alkanes (single bond hydrocarbons on the form CnH2n+2) and smaller fraction aromatics (six-ring molecules such as benzene C6H6) Figure 4. Basic hydrocarbons Different crude contains different combinations and concentrations of these various compounds. The API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity of a 22 particular crude is merely a measure of its specific gravity or density. The higher the API number expressed as degrees API, the less dense (lighter, thinner) the crude. Simply put, this means that the lower the degrees API,

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New session of AC Technician will be started soon in international college of technical education.Best institute offers international AC Technician course which are accepted in international countries as well as in domestic country.AC Technician course for Muscat Oman Dubai Sharjah Qatar bahrein China Japan Russia Korea offered by international college of technical education. Air conditioning is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or ventilation is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.Ventilating or ventilation is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.Although air conditioning technicians can learn the skills needed for their trade on-the-job, many employers prefer to hire those who have completed a formal training program.Students enrolled in these programs learn about equipment design and construction, electronics, temperature control, installation, maintenance and repair. Another training option is to complete an apprenticeship, which involves a combination of paid on-the-job training and classroom instruction. Formal apprenticeship programs typically last between three and five years. Apprentices learn about care and use of tools, blueprint reading and safety practices, as well as legislation and regulations regarding refrigerant products. They also learn about the theory and design of air conditioning, heating, refrigeration and ventilation systems.Some states require that air conditioning technicians pass a test and gain licensure. Work experience and completion of an apprenticeship program may also be required. Air conditioning technicians must also be certified in the proper handling of refrigerants by passing a written examination. 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Central AC Technician Diploma Course in Taxila, Sahiwal International college of technical education offers national and international courses the best institute of college. The admission open and Started the classes, 03115193625. AC technicians, also called air conditioning mechanics and installers, specialize in the installation, maintenance or repair of air conditioning units in homes. Although technicians tend to specialize in one of the two areas, they are trained to be able to both install and perform maintenance/repairs on AC units. Central air conditioning (or central A/C) is a system in which air is cooled at a central location and distributed to and from rooms by one or more fans and ductwork. The work of the air conditioner compressor is what makes the whole process of air conditioning possible. HVAC refers to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, whereas AC simply refers to air conditioning. AC is generally used when referring to systems that are designed to cool the air in your home. Window units and central AC are standard systems that are widely used. Cassette units work the same way as wall-hung split system units, with the difference being that cassettes are installed into the ceiling instead of on the wall. The indoor unit itself sits flush to your ceiling and distributes conditioned air through two, three or four sides of the unit. In short, no. Though in split system air conditioners design, commonly heat pumps, part of your system is located outside your home, it does not take in outside air. Its main operational purpose of cooling the air in your home is not achieved by moving cool air inside, but by moving unwanted heat out. Therefore, the HVAC technician uniform should include the following protective gear: Goggles and/or a face shield or mask. Work shoes – preferably steel-toed boots. Heavy gloves. In general, it is cheaper to leave the AC on all day during very hot temperatures. However, it's not efficient to keep it on full blast all the time. ... This can take a long time and place too much strain on the system. For many systems, this can mean less efficient cooling, more frequent repairs, and higher energy bills. Does Every Room Need Air Return Grilles? While it is a myth that air return grilles are required in each and every room in the house, it is definitely necessary to have more than one of these grilles installed at strategic places in the house. The most important place to have these would be the bedroom. There are four main parts to every HVAC system. The furnace utilizes natural gas or oil to heat the air. ... The air conditioner cools the air and is found outside of the house. It uses electricity and coolant liquid to reduce the temperature of the air, while sending hot air outside and cold air inside. Having several return vents (ideally one in every room, but even two or three is better than just one) creates consistent air pressure. If you have one return vent, your home is fine. Keep the doors to each room open so air can properly circulate. You might not expect to see the HVAC trade listed as one of the most stressful professions. But the work is physically demanding, and working in tight, dark, and dirty spaces can pose a variety of mental and physical challenges. HVAC technicians need math to calculate the correct load requirements to ensure equipment properly heats or cools. But in addition to the classes you will take, you should also develop these qualities and skills: Customer service – You'll often work in customers' homes or business offices. Consumers and contractors agreed roofing and demolition are the most physically demanding trades. And while contractors voted carpentry as the third-most physically demanding trade, it barely cracked the top ten for consumers. Central AC Technician Diploma Course in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Gilgit, Skardu, Ghangche, taxila, Shigar, Astore, Diamer, Ghizer, Kharmang, Gultari, Rondo, Hunza Nagar, Gupi, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Bhimber, Kotli, Rawlakot, Bagh, Bahawalpur, Bhakkar, Chakwal, Chiniot, Dera Ghazi Khan, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Hafizabad, Jhang, Jhelum, Kasur, Khanewal, Khushab, Layyah, Lodharan, Mandi-Bahuddin, Mianwali, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Nankana Sahib, Narowal, Okara, Pakpattan, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Sialkot, Toba tek Singh, Vehari, Attock, Taxila, Wah Cantt, Rawalpindi, Balochistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh, Gilgit Baltistan, Turbat, Sibi, Chaman, Lasbela, Zhob, Gwadar, Nasiraba, Jaffarabad, Hub, Dera Murad Jamali, Dera Allah Yar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Mardan, Abbottabad, Mingor, Kohat, Bannu, Swabi, Dera Ismail Khan, Charsadda, Nowshera, Mansehra, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Nawabshah, Nanak wara, Mirpur Khas, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Khairpur, Pakistan. for further detail of all courses our the website www.icollegete.com www.courses.com.pk

Diploma in petroleum engineering In Rawalpindi shamsabad murree road 03115193625, diploma in petroleum engineering in rawalpindi punjab 03354176949 International college of technical education offers Diploma in Petroleum engineering admission open for admission and queries call 03115193625, 03354176949 Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Exploration and Production are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. Petroleum geology and geophysics focus on provision of a static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of this resource using a detailed understanding of the physical behavior of oil, water and gas within porous rock at very high pressure. The combined efforts of geologists and petroleum engineers throughout the life of a hydrocarbon accumulation determine the way in which a reservoir is developed and depleted, and usually they have the highest impact on field economics. Petroleum engineering requires a good knowledge of many other related disciplines, such as geophysics, petroleum geology, formation evaluation (well logging), drilling, economics, reservoir simulation, reservoir engineering, well engineering, artificial lift systems, completions and oil and gas facilities engineering. Recruitment to the industry has historically been from the disciplines of physics, chemical engineering and mining engineering. Subsequent development training has usually been done within oil companies. It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both intense heat and pressure. Petroleum has mostly been recovered by oil drilling (natural petroleum springs are rare). Drilling is carried out after studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, and reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of the porosity and permeability of geologic reservoir structures) have been completed. It is refined and separated, most easily by distillation, into a large number of consumer products, from gasoline (petrol) and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals. Petroleum is used in manufacturing a wide variety of materials, and it is estimated that the world consumes about 95 million barrels each day International college of technical education offer Diploma in petroleum Petroleum Engineering Course Content: Reservoir Engineering Drilling and Completion Petroleum Production Engineering Petroleum geosciences Production System and facilities Petroleum economics and oilfield management Individual/Group project, Assignments and Quizzes. Admission open for admission and queries call 03115193625, 03354176949 for more information visit our website www.icollegete.com, www.courses.com.pk

Diploma in petroleum Engineering in Rawalpindi Shamsabad punjab pakistan 03115193625, Diploma in petroleum Engineering In Rawalpindi Shamsabad punjab pakistan 03354176949 International college of technical education offers Diploma in petroleum Engineering admission open Diploma in petroleum engineering In Rawalpindi punjab pakistan 03115193625, diploma in petroleum engineering in rawalpindi punjab 03354176949 International college of technical education offers Diploma in Petroleum engineering admission open for admission and queries call 03115193625, 03354176949 Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Exploration and Production are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. Petroleum geology and geophysics focus on provision of a static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of this resource using a detailed understanding of the physical behavior of oil, water and gas within porous rock at very high pressure. The combined efforts of geologists and petroleum engineers throughout the life of a hydrocarbon accumulation determine the way in which a reservoir is developed and depleted, and usually they have the highest impact on field economics. Petroleum engineering requires a good knowledge of many other related disciplines, such as geophysics, petroleum geology, formation evaluation (well logging), drilling, economics, reservoir simulation, reservoir engineering, well engineering, artificial lift systems, completions and oil and gas facilities engineering. Recruitment to the industry has historically been from the disciplines of physics, chemical engineering and mining engineering. Subsequent development training has usually been done within oil companies. It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both intense heat and pressure. Petroleum has mostly been recovered by oil drilling (natural petroleum springs are rare). Drilling is carried out after studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, and reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of the porosity and permeability of geologic reservoir structures) have been completed. It is refined and separated, most easily by distillation, into a large number of consumer products, from gasoline (petrol) and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals. Petroleum is used in manufacturing a wide variety of materials, and it is estimated that the world consumes about 95 million barrels each day International college of technical education offer Diploma in petroleum Petroleum Engineering Course Content: Reservoir Engineering Drilling and Completion Petroleum Production Engineering Petroleum geosciences Production System and facilities Petroleum economics and oilfield management Individual/Group project, Assignments and Quizzes. Admission open for admission and queries call 03115193625, 03354176949 for more information visit our website www.icollegete.com,

Ac Technician Practical Training Course in Mardan Charsadda,Ac Technician Practical Training Course in Rawalpindi Islamabad Pakistan,international college of technical education in rawalpindi islamabad pakistan,best ac technician college in rawalpindi islamabad pakistan,AC technicians, also called air conditioning mechanics and installers, specialize in the installation, maintenance or repair of air conditioning units in homes. Although technicians tend to specialize in one of the two areas, they are trained to be able to both install and perform maintenance/repairs on AC units. Installers place equipment, as well as connect water supply lines, air pumps, wiring and controls. Maintenance and repair technicians keep systems operating efficiently by checking equipment and looking for leaks; they make repairs using hand and power tools, a variety of measurement gauges and acetylene torches.AC Technician Course is a very important domain of building HVAC service which is having huge demand throughout the world. The following to be applied in a manner consistent with its purpose: Basic concepts of HVAC system, Knowledge about AC components and their working functions, Understanding of refrigeration cycle, Basic knowledge in electrical field.Based upon the precaution checklist one should be capable of installing and also supervising the ease of handling and maintaining of tools, Preparation of installation checklist and service reports, Preventive maintenance, Diagnosis of troubleshooting and Behavior skills.Meanwhile one has to have the basic knowledge of unitary air conditioning unit’s installation, and also the estimation of works and time management.It is a specialized course that covers topics related to air conditioning and refrigeration process and working of different parts of cooling devices. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning is all about the maintenance of different parts of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning devices.A student enrolled in ITI in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning course learn various skills and grab knowledge related to the servicing and repair of refrigerators, air conditioners, air coolers, coolants of vehicles etc.It is a professional-oriented course and candidates with a certification in ITI Refrigeration and Air Conditioning can secure a specialized job after the completion of course.A quality HVAC program is your first step toward becoming a member of the Ontario College of Trades, and completing an apprenticeship. Once your apprenticeship is complete, you can take a certification exam and apply to become certified and registered as a journeyperson in the HVAC trade.It's important to note that in order to work in HVAC, you will also need to earn a Gas Technician level 2 or 3 license. All candidates are required to pass an exam issued by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA).HVAC safety procedures (for working at heights, in confined spaces, on scaffolds and platforms, etc.)ODP training (awareness of ozone depletion prevention, and the safe handling of refrigerants).HVAC systems (the fundamentals of heating and cooling systems, for both residential and light commercial purposes).Piping and venting (how to thread black steel pipe and soft copper, and understanding how building venting systems work Gas 3 training (an introduction to gas appliances, and the safe handling of propane and natural gas). Course Outline: Introduction to a/c Refrigera nts and brines Compressor Properties of air Tools and measuring instruments Refrigerant piping Installation and fired practice Commissioning and evaluation of system performance Operations and maintenance Preventive maintenance & service Trouble shooting

Plumber diploma in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan. Plumber Diploma course in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan. Plumber experiance based Govt Registered diploma for Overseas Pakistani in Middle East, Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Plumber Diploma Course Content: Introduction to plumbing systems, hygienic facilities design, piping installations placing Introduction to plumbing systems, hygienic facilities design, piping installations placing Understanding of diametric drawings and procedure Plan procedures, drawing, structure of water systems and interpretation Plumbing fixtures, traps, sanitary draw-of taps and flushing devices Plotting of chain survey Understanding and introduction to tools and equipments used for plumbing & sanitary installations disposal of wastewaters from buildings, hydraulic as applied to plumbing, materials for drainage elements Sanitary & storm water drainage systems Pipe sizing, capacity and distribution understanding Backflow prevention, building sewers Potable water supply for buildings, materials for water system elements Hot & fresh water recognition and adjustments Statutory and private water supplies, pressure boosting, pressure reducing Protection of potable water supply, thermal insulations, equipment for fire-water supply, water service pipes General principles of natural gas supplies, requirements for gas appliances placing Gas installation for buildings, gas service pipes

Best Institute offers international AC technician Course which are acceptable in international countries as well as in domestic country. Admissions are open in international college of technical education New session of AC Technician course will be started soon in international college of technical education 03115193625.AC Technician course for Muscat Oman Dubai Sharjah Qatar bahrein China Japan Russia Korea offered by international college of technical education. Air conditioning is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or ventilation is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.Ventilating or ventilation is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.Although air conditioning technicians can learn the skills needed for their trade on-the-job, many employers prefer to hire those who have completed a formal training program. Training programs last from six months to two years and may be found in trade schools and community colleges. Students enrolled in these programs learn about equipment design and construction, electronics, temperature control, installation, maintenance and repair. Another training option is to complete an apprenticeship, which involves a combination of paid on-the-job training and classroom instruction. Formal apprenticeship programs typically last between three and five years. Apprentices learn about care and use of tools, blueprint reading and safety practices, as well as legislation and regulations regarding refrigerant products. They also learn about the theory and design of air conditioning, heating, refrigeration and ventilation systems.Some states require that air conditioning technicians pass a test and gain licensure. Work experience and completion of an apprenticeship program may also be required. Air conditioning technicians must also be certified in the proper handling of refrigerants by passing a written examination. A number of other different certifications and licenses may be earned to signify competency in handling different types of equipment, such as a high-pressure boiler operator's license, natural gas certification and oil burner license.Government Approved AC Technician Course in Rawalpindi Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Gilgit, Skardu, Ghangche, taxila, Shigar, Astore, Diamer, Ghizer, Kharmang, Gultari, Rondo, Hunza Nagar, Gupi, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Bhimber, Kotli, Rawlakot, Bagh, Bahawalpur, Bhakkar, Chakwal, Chiniot, Dera Ghazi Khan, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Hafizabad, Jhang, Jhelum, Kasur, Khanewal, Khushab, Layyah, Lodharan, Mandi-Bahuddin, Mianwali, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Nankana Sahib, Narowal, Okara, Pakpattan, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Sialkot, Toba tek Singh, Vehari, Attock, Taxila, Wah Cantt, Rawalpindi, Balochistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh, Gilgit Baltistan, Turbat, Sibi, Chaman, Lasbela, Zhob, Gwadar, Nasiraba, Jaffarabad, Hub, Dera Murad Jamali, Dera Allah Yar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Mardan, Abbottabad, Mingor, Kohat, Bannu, Swabi, Dera Ismail Khan, Charsadda, Nowshera, Mansehra, Hyderabad, Sukkur Pakistan.Course Content: Electricity - Single phase , 3 phase concepts , current , voltage and power rating concepts , HP , KW and Current Unit calculations Electrical control panel , valves , pressure gauge , circuit breaker , isolator , fuse and switcher , electrical and electronics meters Introduction to AC & Refrigeration systems , their usage Introduction to Refrigeration cycle , Identification of Refrigeration cycle and components , high medium and low temperature application machine , Refrigeration piping concepts , identification of tubes , pipes , joints , lubricant , refrigerant gas cylinder and its use.

New session of HVAC Course will be started soon in international college of technical education.Admissioms are open 03115193625. HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.Ventilating or ventilation is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.Although air conditioning technicians can learn the skills needed for their trade on-the-job, many employers prefer to hire those who have completed a formal training program. Training programs last from six months to two years and may be found in trade schools and community colleges. Students enrolled in these programs learn about equipment design and construction, electronics, temperature control, installation, maintenance and repair. Another training option is to complete an apprenticeship, which involves a combination of paid on-the-job training and classroom instruction. Formal apprenticeship programs typically last between three and five years. Apprentices learn about care and use of tools, blueprint reading and safety practices, as well as legislation and regulations regarding refrigerant products. They also learn about the theory and design of air conditioning, heating, refrigeration and ventilation systems.Some states require that air conditioning technicians pass a test and gain licensure. Work experience and completion of an apprenticeship program may also be required. Air conditioning technicians must also be certified in the proper handling of refrigerants by passing a written examination. A number of other different certifications and licenses may be earned to signify competency in handling different types of equipment, such as a high-pressure boiler operator's license, natural gas certification and oil burner license.Government Approved AC Technician Course in Rawalpindi Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Gilgit, Skardu, Ghangche, taxila, Shigar, Astore, Diamer, Ghizer, Kharmang, Gultari, Rondo, Hunza Nagar, Gupi, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Bhimber, Kotli, Rawlakot, Bagh, Bahawalpur, Bhakkar, Chakwal, Chiniot, Dera Ghazi Khan, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Hafizabad, Jhang, Jhelum, Kasur, Khanewal, Khushab, Layyah, Lodharan, Mandi-Bahuddin, Mianwali, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Nankana Sahib, Narowal, Okara, Pakpattan, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Sialkot, Toba tek Singh, Vehari, Attock, Taxila, Wah Cantt, Rawalpindi, Balochistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh, Gilgit Baltistan, Turbat, Sibi, Chaman, Lasbela, Zhob, Gwadar, Nasiraba, Jaffarabad, Hub, Dera Murad Jamali, Dera Allah Yar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Mardan, Abbottabad, Mingor, Kohat, Bannu, Swabi, Dera Ismail Khan, Charsadda, Nowshera, Mansehra, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Nawabshah, Nanak wara, Mirpur Khas, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Khairpur, Pakistan.

New session of AC Technician course will be started soon in international college of technical education.ICTE offers different types of international Courses which are accepted in domestic country as well as in international coutries i.e China Japan Korea Saudia Dubai Muscat Oman Iran Tehran Qatar and all other international countries.Admissions are open 03115193625.Best institute offers international AC Technician course which are accepted in international countries as well as in domestic country.AC Technician course for Muscat Oman Dubai Sharjah Qatar bahrein China Japan Russia Korea offered by international college of technical education. Air conditioning is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or ventilation is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.Ventilating or ventilation is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.Although air conditioning technicians can learn the skills needed for their trade on-the-job, many employers prefer to hire those who have completed a formal training program. Training programs last from six months to two years and may be found in trade schools and community colleges. Students enrolled in these programs learn about equipment design and construction, electronics, temperature control, installation, maintenance and repair. Another training option is to complete an apprenticeship, which involves a combination of paid on-the-job training and classroom instruction. Formal apprenticeship programs typically last between three and five years. Apprentices learn about care and use of tools, blueprint reading and safety practices, as well as legislation and regulations regarding refrigerant products. They also learn about the theory and design of air conditioning, heating, refrigeration and ventilation systems.Some states require that air conditioning technicians pass a test and gain licensure. Work experience and completion of an apprenticeship program may also be required. Air conditioning technicians must also be certified in the proper handling of refrigerants by passing a written examination. A number of other different certifications and licenses may be earned to signify competency in handling different types of equipment, such as a high-pressure boiler operator's license, natural gas certification and oil burner license.Government Approved AC Technician Course in Rawalpindi Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Gilgit, Skardu, Ghangche, taxila, Shigar, Astore, Diamer, Ghizer, Kharmang, Gultari, Rondo, Hunza Nagar, Gupi, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Bhimber, Kotli, Rawlakot, Bagh, Bahawalpur, Bhakkar, Chakwal, Chiniot, Dera Ghazi Khan, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Hafizabad, Jhang, Jhelum, Kasur, Khanewal, Khushab, Layyah, Lodharan, Mandi-Bahuddin, Mianwali, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Nankana Sahib, Narowal, Okara, Pakpattan, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Sialkot, Toba tek Singh, Vehari, Attock, Taxila, Wah Cantt, Rawalpindi, Balochistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh, Gilgit Baltistan, Turbat, Sibi, Chaman, Lasbela, Zhob, Gwadar, Nasiraba, Jaffarabad, Hub, Dera Murad Jamali, Dera Allah Yar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Mardan, Abbottabad, Mingor, Kohat, Bannu, Swabi, Dera Ismail Khan, Charsadda, Nowshera, Mansehra, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Nawabshah, Nanak wara, Mirpur Khas, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Khairpur, Pakistan.

Professional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336 Email: ipatsedu@gmail.com Website: www.ipatsedu.comProfessional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336 Email: ipatsedu@gmail.com Website: www.ipatsedu.comProfessional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336 Email: ipatsedu@gmail.com Website: www.ipatsedu.comProfessional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336Professional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336 Email: ipatsedu@gmail.com Website: www.ipatsedu.comProfessional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336 Email: ipatsedu@gmail.com Website: www.ipatsedu.comProfessional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336 Email: ipatsedu@gmail.com Website: www.ipatsedu.comProfessional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336 Email: ipatsedu@gmail.com Website: www.ipatsedu.comProfessional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336 Email: ipatsedu@gmail.com Website: www.ipatsedu.comProfessional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary. Installing, HVAC systems has become common in the recent days and also the required industry standard for construction of new buildings. Introduction to HVAC The need for HVAC References, standards and codes Terms, definitions and units HVAC system type overview Ventilation and air quality Buildings and energy efficiency Psychrometrics Properties of moist air Psychrometric chart Sensible and latent Combined processes Mixing of air streams Refrigeration Definitions Refrigerant selection Safety considerations Pressure and enthalpy Phase change concepts Vapor compression cycle System components Heating and Cooling Loads Loads and energy Heat transfer Weather data Infiltration and ventilation Cooling load calculations All Air Systems Definition of “all air systems” Types of all supply and return air systems Recirculating / Mixed Air Systems Dedicated Outside Air (DOAS) Systems Overhead / Dilution Type: Constant Volume (CAV) and Variable Volume (VAV) Displacement / UFAD Type Types of exhaust systems General – Toilet, etc. Laboratory, process, or other specialty systems Types of central equipment Packaged / Unitary systems Split systems Air handling units Fans Types of terminal equipment Air Terminal Units / VAV Boxes Grilles, Registers, & Diffusers System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Hybrid approaches Applications / Examples Hydronic Systems Definition of “hydronics” Comparison to air systems Types of hydronic systems Heating Hot Water Chilled Water Condenser Water: Tower and Geo-exchange Glycol Water Types of central equipment Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers / Fluid Coolers Pumps Heat Exchangers Types of terminal equipment Coils Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Chilled Beams Radiant System Comparison – Advantages / Disadvantages Steam and Steam Condensate Definition of “steam” Comparison to air and hydronic systems ASME Codes / Safety Types of steam and condensate systems Low Pressure High Pressure Condensate Collection: Gravity return, Pumped return, Vacuum Types of central equipment Boilers Heat Exchangers Make-up water systems Types of terminal equipment Coils Humidifiers Unit Heaters Fan Coil Units Radiant System Comparison - Advantages / Disadvantages Applications / Examples Field Tour - Wisconsin Energy Institute Controls: Building Automation Systems Definition / Purpose of “Building Automation System (BAS)” Types of HVAC control systems Local Centralized (Building-wide) Pneumatic Direct Digital Control Pneumatic-Hybrid Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Type of control equipment Valves Dampers Actuators Sensors and thermostats Types of Controls Proportional/Modulating Control Concepts Open/Closed Loop Control Wisconsin Energy Institute Sequence of Operations Mechanical Flow Diagrams INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STUDIES (IPATS) Whatsapp: +92 3219606785, 03035530865 Call: +923315145601, 03495021336 Head Office: 2nd Floor, Yasir Plaza, Near Chatri Chowk, Khanna Pull, Qadeer Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Contact Office: +923219606785, 03035530865, 0331-5145601, 0349-5021336 Email: ipatsedu@gmail.com Website: www.ipatsedu.comProfessional Training of HVAC HEATING, VENTILATION,AIR CONDITIONING HVAC Course Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an indoor and vehicular environmental comforting technology. The technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. The techniques of ventilating a building is further divided into a few types as mechanical, forced, and natural ventilation that will provide optimal temperature throughout the day and night. HVAC does the above function, through three different and integrated parts such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning at required points or wherever necessary from Oct 26th

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The primary objectives of petroleum engineering are the safe and environmentally sound exploration, evaluation, development, and recovery of oil, gas, geothermal, and other fluids in the earth. Skills in this branch of engineering are needed to meet the world's ever-increasing demand for hydrocarbon fuel, thermal energy, and waste and pollution management. Graduates of our program are in great demand in private industry, as evidenced by the strong job market and high salaries. The petroleum industry offers a wide range of employment opportunities for Petroleum Engineering students during summer breaks and after graduation. Exciting experiences range from field work in drilling and producing oil and gas fields to office jobs in small towns or large cities. Worldwide travel and overseas assignments are available for interested students. 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engineering institute kohat, best leading civil engineering institute dera ismail khan, best leading civil engineering institute dera ghazi khan, best leading civilhe built environment encompasses much of what defines modern civilization. Buildings and bridges are often the first constructions that come to mind, as they are the most conspicuous creations of structural engineering, one of civil engineering's major sub-disciplines. Roads, railroads, subway systems, and airports are designed by transportation engineers, another category of civil engineering. And then there are the less visible creations of civil engineers. Every time you open a water faucet, you expect water to come out, without thinking that civil engineers made it possible. New York City has one of the world’s most impressive water supply systems, receiving billions of gallons of high-quality water from the Catskills over one hundred miles away. Similarly, not many people seem to worry about what happens to the water after it has served its purposes. The old civil engineering discipline of sanitary engineering has evolved into modern environmental engineering of such significance that most academic departments have changed their names to civil and environmental engineering.These few examples illustrate that civil engineers do a lot more than deengineering institute rahim yar khan, best leading civil engineering institute sadiqabad, best leading civil engineering institute Bahawalpur, best leading civil engineering institute sheikhupura, best leading civil engineering institute charsadda, best leading civil engineering institute risalpur, top leading civil engineering diploma Rawalpindi, top leading civil engineering diploma Pakistan, top leading civil engineering diploma Islamabad, top leading civil engineering diploma Lahore, top leading civil engineering diploma Karachi, top leading civil engineering diploma Peshawar, top leading civil engineering diploma quetta, top leading civil engineering diploma wah cantt, top leading civil engineering diploma murree, top leading civil engineering diploma kotli, top leading civil engineering diploma mirpur, top leading civil engineering diploma kahuta, top leading civil engineering diploma gujar khan, top leading civil engineering diploma sohawa, top leading civil engineering diploma dina, top leading civil engineering diploma Jhelum, top leading civil engineering diploma kharian, top leading civil engineering diploma gujrat, top leading civil engineering diploma Gujranwala, top leading civil engineering diploma kasur, top leading civil engineering diploma Faisalabad, top leading civil engineering diploma Sargodha, top leading civil engineering diploma khushab, top leading civil engineering diploma mianwali, top leading civil engineering diploma talagang, top leading civil engineering diploma pindigheb, top leading civil engineering diploma attock, top leading civil engineering diploma taxila, top leading civil engineering diploma abbottabad, top leading civil engineering diploma mansehra, top leading civil engineering diploma muzaffarabad, civil engineering , top leading civil engineerinCivil engineering is an exciting profession because at the end of the day you can see the results of your work, whether this is a completed bridge, a high-rise building, a subway station, or a hydroelectric dam.Please look at the Web pages of our individual faculty members to learn more about their special interests as examples of what civil engineering and engineering mechanics is and can be about.g diploma bagh, top leading civil engineering diploma rawlakot, top leading civil engineering diploma hajira, top leading civil engineering diploma mgora, top leading civil engineering diploma mardan, top leading civil engineering diploma swabi, top leading civil engineering diploma nowshera, top leading civil engineering diploma bannu, top leading civil engineering diploma kohat, top leading civil engineering diploma dera ismail khan, top leading civil engineering diploma dera ghazi khan, top leading civil engineering diploma rahim yar khan, top leading civil engineering diploma sadiqabad, top leading civil engineering diploma Bahawalpur, top leading civil engineering diploma sheikhupura, top leading civil engineering diploma charsadda, top leading civil engineering diploma risalpur. Experience based diploma with foreign office and embassies attestation for KSA, UAE, MIDDLE EAST, GULF Countries, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Masqat, kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Sharjah, Al Ain, Ras al-Khaimah, Ajman, Fujairah, Pakistan. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.[1][2][3] Civil engineering is the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,[4] and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.[5] It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including architectural engineering, environmental engineering,geotechnical engineering, control engineering, structural engineering,earthquake engineering, transportation engineering, forensic engineering,municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, wastewater engineering, offshore engineering, facade engineering, quantity surveying, coastal engineering,[4] construction surveying, and construction engineering.[6] Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.