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Parents in Child intellectual disabilities or other disorders ! Do you know about a child's Intellectual Disabilities? ID is a term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and in skills such as communicating, taking care of him or herself, & social skills. These limitations will cause a child to learn and develop more slowly than a typical child. Children with intellectual disabilities may take longer to learn to speak, walk, and take care of their personal needs such as dressing or eating. They are likely to have trouble learning in school. They will learn, but it will take them longer. There may be some things they cannot understand well or perform willingly & accurately Child's Intellectual Disability Main Causes Doctors have found many causes of intellectual disabilities. The most common are: Genetic conditions. Sometimes an intellectual disability is caused by abnormal genes inherited from parents, errors when genes combine, or other reasons. Examples of genetic conditions are Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome Problems during pregnancy. Intellectual disabilities can result when the baby does not develop inside the mother properly. For example, there may be a problem with the way the baby's cells divide as it grows. A woman who drinks alcohol or gets an infection like rubella during pregnancy may also have a baby with intellectual disability. Problems at birth. If a baby has problems during labor & birth, such as not getting enough oxygen, he or she may have an intellectual disability. Health problems. Diseases like whooping cough, the measles, or meningitis can cause an intellectual disability. Intellectual disabilities can also be caused by extreme malnutrition (not eating right), not getting enough medical care, or by being exposed to poisons like lead or mercury. Intellectual disabilities are not diseases. You can't catch an intellectual disability from anyone. Intellectual disabilities are also not a type of mental illness, like depression. There is no cure for an intellectual disability. However, most children with an intellectual disability can learn to do many things. It just takes them more time & effort than other children Regards from' Akhtar Hayat Oxfordcadets (since 1990) Main J Block |FirdosMarket Gulberg iii Lahore skype oxfordcadets whatsap 333 4/6/3/3//9/9/0

We know that the preschool years are a vital time in child�s development. A lifelong love of learning, a strong self-image, a desire to explore and not fear failure and a connection to others, is only a sampling of the traits that develop in the preschool years. At Alifya Early Years, we understand that everything we do or don�t do affects children. We also understand that school readiness means preparing your child not only academically, but also socially and emotionally. We do know that early childhood is a critical time to awaken any child�s intelligence. Musical and artistic abilities need to be nurtured as do problem-solving and interpersonal skills. Your child will delight in our carefully crafted Learning Zones that utilized age-appropriate activities and �play with a purpose� to strengthen and enhance each intelligence. We are dedicated on identifying the seven areas of learning; � personal, social and emotional development � communication, language and literacy � physical development � literacy � mathematical development � knowledge and understanding of the world � creative development and working diligently to achieve our goal. Visit out Face book page : https://www.facebook.com/alifyaearlyyears

Early childhood education (ECE), also known as nursery education, is a branch of education theory that relates to the teaching of children (formally and informally) from birth up to the age of eight.[1] Traditionally, this is up to the equivalent of third grade.[2] ECE is described as an important period in child development.ECE emerged as a field of study during the Enlightenment, particularly in European countries with high literacy rates.[3] It continued to grow through the nineteenth century as universal primary education became a norm in the Western world. In recent years, early childhood education[4] has become a prevalent public policy issue, as funding for preschool and pre-K is debated by municipal, state, and federal lawmakers.[5][6][7] Governing entities are also debating the central focus of early childhood education with debate on developmental appropriate play versus strong academic preparation curriculum in reading, writing, and math.[8] The global priority placed on early childhood education is underscored with targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4. ECE is also a professional designation earned through a post-secondary education program. For example, in Ontario, Canada, the designations ECE (Early Childhood Educator) and RECE (Registered Early Childhood Educator) may only be used by registered members of the College of Early Childhood Educators, which is made up of accredited child care professionals who are held accountable to the College's standards of practice.The Developmental Interaction Approach is based on the theories of Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, John Dewey, and Lucy Sprague Mitchell. The approach focuses on learning through discovery.[10] Jean Jacques Rousseau recommended that teachers should exploit individual children's interests to make sure each child obtains the information most essential to his personal and individual development.[11] The five developmental domains of childhood development include:[12] To meet those developmental domains, a child has a set of needs that must be met for learning. Maslow's hierarchy of needs showcases the different levels of needs that must be met the chart to the right showcases these needs.[13] Physical: the way in which a child develops biological and physical functions, including eyesight and motor skills Social: the way in which a child interacts with others[14] Children develop an understanding of their responsibilities and rights as members of families and communities, as well as an ability to relate to and work with others.Emotional: the way in which a child creates emotional connections and develops self-confidence. Emotional connections develop when children relate to other people and share feelings.Studies, such as one by Harvard, have shown how early childhood education programs can prepare children to develop the social and emotional skills they need to succeed and graduate high school. Other benefits of ECE can include earning higher grades and having a lifelong enthusiasm for reading and learning.Early childhood education describes the period of learning that takes place from birth to 8 years old. There are several types of early education programs, including those that are federal, state or privately funded. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION PRINCIPLES Children always come first. ... Every situation is a learning opportunity. ... Child development plans build relationships and knowledge. Parent and educator partnerships embrace the child. ... Autonomous educators lead to innovation. Important areas of early childhood development Social and emotional. Language/communication. Movement/physical development. Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)

Most Respected Viewers ! its all about the Types/ Risk / Factors / Symptoms / Screening Treatment & Prevention What Is Down Syndrome? Down syndrome (sometimes spelled “Down’s syndrome”) is a genetic abnormality. It is the most common single cause of birth defects in the United States This syndrome occurs because of an extra copy of chromosome 21. Your chromosomes contain your genetic material, & any problems with your chromosomes can cause serious physical and mental health problems Down syndrome causes lifelong developmental delays that can range from moderate to severe. It cannot be cured, but there are options. Down syndrome can be managed with educational interventions, specialized parenting techniques, and community engagement. These all can encourage a person with Down syndrome to develop life skills and social bonds, so that they can live a long (many Down syndrome patients live past the age of 50) and fulfilling life. Causes What Causes Down Syndrome? Down syndrome is e genetic disorder. TO understand how it happens, we first need to understand some basic genetics. In all cases of reproduction, both parents pass their genes on to their children. These genes are carried on chromosomes. When the baby’s cells develop, each cell is supposed to receive 23 pairs of chromosomes. Half of the chromosomes are from the mother and half from the father. In children with Down syndrome, one of the chromosomes does not separate properly. The baby ends up with three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. This extra chromosome causes problems as the brain and physical features develop. Types Types of Down Syndrome There are three types of Down syndrome: Trisomy 21 Trisomy 21 means there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 in every cell. This is the most common form of Down syndrome. Mosaicism Mosaicism means there is an extra chromosome in some but not all of a child’s cells. Individuals with mosaic Down syndrome tend to have fewer symptoms. Translocation In this condition, children have only an extra part of chromosome 21. There are 46 total chromosomes. However, one of them has an extra piece of chromosome 21 attached. Risk Factors Will My Child Be at Risk for Down Syndrome? Certain parents have a greater risk of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome: women age 35 and older males 50 and older people with a family history of Down’s syndrome people who carry the genetic translocation Symptoms What Are the Symptoms of Down Syndrome? During pregnancy, there are no signs that a child will have Down syndrome. At birth, babies with Down syndrome usually have certain characteristic signs, including: flat facial features small head and ears short neck bulging tongue eyes that slant upward oddly shaped ears poor muscle tone A Down syndrome infant can be born a normal size. However development is twice as slow as for an unaffected child. There is usually some degree of mental retardation, but it is often mild to moderate. Mental and social development delays may mean that the child will have: impulsive behavior poor judgment short attention span slow learning capabilities Medical complications often accompany Down syndrome. These are caused by the extra chromosome. These may include: congenital heart defects hearing loss poor vision cataracts (clouded eyes) hip problems, such as dislocations leukemia chronic constipation sleep apnea (interrupted breathing during sleep) dementia (thought and memory problems) hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) obesity late tooth growth, causing problems with chewing Today, despite the medical and developmental delays, a child born with Down syndrome can live past the age of 50 (Mayo Clinic). Screening Screening for Down Syndrome During Pregnancy Screening is offered as a routine part of prenatal care in the United States. However, it is not required. First Trimester An ultrasound evaluation and blood tests can look for Down syndrome in your fetus. These tests are done between the 10th and 14th week of pregnancy. An ultrasound looks at the back of the baby’s neck, called the nuchal translucency. If there are problems with the baby’s development, more fluid collects in this area. Blood tests looks at the level of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). High levels of these proteins suggest a developmental problem. These tests have a higher false-positive rate than tests done at later pregnancy stages. If results are not normal, your doctor may follow up with an amniocentesis. In this test, an amniotic fluid sample is used to confirm the results. Second Trimester An ultrasound and quadruple marker screen (QMS) test can help identify Down syndrome and other neural tube defects. This test is done between 15 and 20 weeks. These tests measures four pregnancy-related factors: human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) unconjugated estriol alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) inhibin-A If any of these tests are not normal, you will be considered at high risk for birth defects. Additional Prenatal Tests Your doctor may order additional tests to detect Down syndrome in your baby: amniocentesis: Your doctor takes a sample of amniotic fluid to examine the number of chromosomes the baby has. The test is usually done at 15 weeks. It carries a one in 200 miscarriage risk. chorionic villus sampling (CVS): Your doctor will take cells from your placenta to analyze fetal chromosomes. This test is done during the ninth and 14th week of pregnancy. It carries a miscarriage risk of one in 100. percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS): Your doctor will take blood from the umbilical cord and examine it for chromosomal defects. It is done after the 18th week of pregnancy. It carries an even higher rate of miscarriage, so it is performed only if all other tests are uncertain. Some women choose not to undergo these tests, because of the risk of miscarriage. They would rather risk having a child with Down syndrome than losing the pregnancy. Tests at Birth At birth, your doctor will: perform a physical examination of your baby order a blood test called a karyotype to confirm Down syndrome Treatment Treating Down Syndrome There is no cure for Down syndrome. However, parents can provide early intervention and opportunities to help their child with Down syndrome succeed. Early intervention programs promote a child’s learning. They offer the best chance for success. In these programs, special education teachers and therapists will help your child learn: sensory skills social skills self-help motor skills language and cognitive abilities Children with Down syndrome often meet age-related milestones. However, this may take up to two times longer than for other children. A team of physicians and specialists can help provide medical care and manage the medical complications. Because obesity can be particularly dangerous to the health of children with Down syndrome, it is important to encourage physical activity and avoid high-calorie foods. However, before beginning exercise or sports, the child’s hip, neck, and spine should be examined. It is important to teach children with Down syndrome about being independent and staying safe. Parents should establish a support network in the family and community. Learn as much as possible about your child’s condition. This can help you understand what it means as your child grows and develops. Many people with Down syndrome lead successful lives in their community. They often go to school, hold jobs, and become independent. Prevention Preventing Down Syndrome There is no way to prevent Down syndrome. You may want to speak with a genetic counselor: before having a child, to see if you are at risk if you already have a child with Down syndrome and are considering getting pregnant again Regards from' Oxfordcadets Team J Block Firdos Market Gulberg iii Lahore skype id oxfordcadets g mail oxfordcadets at g mail dot com whatsapp +92 333 4/6/3/3/9/9/0 Get Updates on + 92 342 37 2 5 129

International College of Technical Education. Head Office : Office # 27, Second Floor, Maryam Shadi Hall Plaza (Airies Plaza), Shamsabad, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 46000. Email : info@icollegete.com Contact : 051-8736681, 0311-5193625, 0092-335-4176949 The main goal of this course is to introduce students to early childhood education with emphasis on historical perspectives, theories, practice, and current trends and developments. Early childhood environments for children from birth through eight years of age will be studied.Early childhood is the most critical time for positive intervention. Children’s development during this stage is strongly affected by their environment, and that effect continues to exert a strong influence on the rest of their lives. It is of the utmost importance that educational and life skills programmes such as Aflatot also begin at this early stage.Children gather the building blocks of social and financial literacy even before they get to primary school. Much of what they know about planning, budgeting, saving, spending and using resources is based on their daily routine. Even before monetary concepts are learned, simple concepts such as making full use of available resources, i.e. ‘finishing one’s food’ or ‘buying only necessities’, are some of the daily realities that young children are exposed to that already relate to financial education.Preschool children are also developing time preferences, when they understand that there are times when it is better to wait for something rather than to have it now. Children as young as three years of age are exposed to the social values of giving and sharing, not just with gifts or tangible materials, but also with interaction with others. Other important life skills that are embedded in Aflatot include taking turns, making decisions, and setting goals. The first three years of life are a time of amazing growth and development. Based on research in neuroscience, this course explores the importance of early relationships and how they promote healthy brain development. Students gain in-depth appreciation and understanding this unique stage of life and a vision for high quality care and early education. Emphasis is placed on child observations, analysis and reflection as important components in the application of teaching practices in developmentally appropriate early childhood programs. Current understandings of infant/toddler mental health are used to support students understanding of infant-parent/caregiver attachment and the effects of trauma and stress in infancy.Explores supporting whole child development in the context of family, community, and culture. The benefits of parent-professional partnership, parent-support services, and family oriented culturally responsive teaching are emphasized. Strategies for supporting families by sharing early childhood development information, understanding families’ cultures and societal influences, connecting families with community resources, and examining current social policies that are impacting in-home and community-based child rearing practices are developed.

For one of our Clients - a renowned Multi-specialty Medical Center Immediately requirement is Specialist Ophthalmologist. Details are as under: to work in a multi-specialty out-patient medical centre. FCPS Post graduate degree + 2 years Experience: 2 yrs contract Salary + Commission: Rs. 600,000 /month Accommodation - Paid Vacation - Air Ticket. DUTIES Routine vision care. Eye testing for clear vision, eyeglass prescriptions, contact lens services, and management of eye diseases. Early detection of eye disorders in diabetic patients. Early detection of Glaucoma ( blindness caused by increased pressure with in the eye) a serious eye problem, and Macular degeneration (loss of detail vision) . Dry eye treatment, headache and eye allergies. Treatment of eye diseases and disorders, itchy eye, burning eye. Early detection of eye sight disorders and correction in school going children All out patient procedures. Please email resume at RESUME@LaoJee.com on or before 29th November, 2014 Regards Dr. Saleem Siddiqi LaoJee Jobs Karachi

For one of our Clients - a renowned Multi-specialty Medical Center Immediately requirement is Specialist Ophthalmologist. Details are as under: to work in a multi-specialty out-patient medical centre. FCPS Post graduate degree + 2 years Experience: 2 yrs contract Salary + Commission: Rs. 600,000 /month Accommodation - Paid Vacation - Air Ticket. DUTIES Routine vision care. Eye testing for clear vision, eyeglass prescriptions, contact lens services, and management of eye diseases. Early detection of eye disorders in diabetic patients. Early detection of Glaucoma ( blindness caused by increased pressure with in the eye) a serious eye problem, and Macular degeneration (loss of detail vision) . Dry eye treatment, headache and eye allergies. Treatment of eye diseases and disorders, itchy eye, burning eye. Early detection of eye sight disorders and correction in school going children All out patient procedures. Please email your CV at RESUME@LaoJee.com before 29th November, 2014 Regards Dr. Saleem Siddiqi LaoJee Jobs Karachi